… the temporal instability and age differences of contributors determining different injury severity
levels in nighttime crashes… Nighttime single-vehicle crashes in this study are gathered over …

… nighttime) and temporal instabilities of factors affecting alcohol/drug-impaired crash injury
severities during three crash … /drug involved crashes during the nighttime compared to the …

… the risk of death and serious injury in nighttime crashes. The presence of pillions, … temporal
instability and unobserved heterogeneity. Through non-transferability and temporal instability, …

… in the daytime would cause as much as 16.45% less severe injuries compared to the crashes
at nighttime, given both crash times having the same other associated factors. Additionally, …

… ) denote the log-likelihood of the convergence of the daytime and nighttime crash models. …
the significant existence of the temporal instability of the crash injury severity factors between …

… reduced the severity of the riders’ injuries compared to nighttime crashes. On the other
hand, collisions that occurred at night and with poor lighting in 2019 and 2020 increased the …

… impaired crash injury severities during three crash cycle … temporal instability and transferability
of the contributing factors determine the injury-severity of alcohol-impaired driving crashes…

… on weekends, and crashes on weekend during nighttime with present of road lighting)
across the time periods under study (despite being insignificant in particular year models, some …

… crashes. While most of the variables demonstrated temporal instability, some factors exhibited
temporal … Previous studies have found that nighttime crashes, which also included early …

… instability is likely to exist in crash severity prediction models (Mannering, 2018). The temporal
instability … Nighttime crashes on roadways without illumination are more prone to results in …