… We demonstrate broad CD4 + T cell cross-reactivity in unexposed individuals, with the spike
glycoprotein serving as one of the immunodominant targets. Although the N-terminal part of …

… and have no known history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Screening tests identify persons who
… infection with SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with symptoms or asymptomatic individuals with …

… Because SARS-CoV-2-cross-reactive T cells have been detected in unexposed individuals,
we investigated the age-related differences in pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells. …

… the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S protein restricted by HLA-DR0401 and HLA-DR0701,
two common alleles in the Caucasian population. CD4+ T cells from healthy unexposed …

… Remarkably, we detected NP-specific T cells in some of our SARS-CoV-1/2 unexposed
individuals. The pattern of T cell reactivity, however, was different compared to COVID-19 and …

Increasing evidence suggests that autoimmunity may play a role in the pathophysiology of
SARS-CoV-2 infection during both the acute and ‘long COVID’ phases of disease. However, …

… SARS-CoV-2 proteins by overlapping 15-mer peptide pools. The existence of a pool of
SARS-CoV-2-reactive T-cells in unexposed individuals is … any protection to SARS-CoV-2 infection …

… up to 5 months from the recovery for SARS-CoV-2 specific immunological memory. Using …
SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4 + T cells in around 66% of the unexposed individuals. …

… HLA allotype restrictions across all viral ORFs identified in two large collections of donors
recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as unexposed individuals. Our findings aid …

… SARS-CoV-2 in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-unexposed …
stages of the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection of the individual patients included in our study. …