… and injury avoidance, which are then aggregated to obtain estimates of the value of risk
reduction (VRR), of which the fatality class is also known as the value of a statistical life (VSL). …

… the value of risk reduction (VRR). Keywords: Value of statistical life, value of risk reduction,
fatalities, serious injury, pedestrians, choice experiment, willingness to pay, survey, Australia …

… of the values of risk reduction are derived, based on the magnitude of the change in risk from
the … Values are determined by examining the tradeoff of time and convenience for increased …

… Flood risk reduction was the most commonly reported BCR (N=15), with an average value
of 60 … The highest BCR values pertaining to flood risk reduction were reported for mangrove …

… social value of risk reduction increases with baseline risk for … , but is independent of baseline
risk for W U and W EPUP . … risk cannot have the property of “equal value of risk reduction,” …

… The challenges of quantifying the cost of inputs (marketing variables) are not too formidable;
a greater challenge is to quantify the value of the riskreduction strategy to the consumer. …

… of risk reductions differed and whether consumers would be willing to pay a premium over
their value of risk … One of the questions asked the subjects to value the same risk reduction …

… Ideally, we wish to estimate the value for a given risk reduction that children themselves
would pay if they had mature reason and financial resources. Because children generally fail to …

This paper describes, analyzes and evaluates an algorithm for estimating portfolio loss
probabilities using Monte Carlo simulation.Obtaining accurate estimates of such loss …

… In this context, umbrella branding lowers the cost of risk reduction… In particular, we demonstrate
the risk-reduction effect of umbrella … The risk-reduction hypothesis, that values of branded …