… of the ventilation system during the fire is very difficult matter we decided to … models of
formation and spread of fire in road tunnels. Project title is “Models of formation and spread of fire …

… Fire size, temperature and velocity The design fire size selected for a computer simulation
… Applications, 1999 provide a guideline to the typical fire size for a selection of road vehicles. …

… Each of the different numerical models of fires in road tunnels has been used to study some
specific aspects of the problem, as indicated in the following text. Brandeis and Bergmann (…

… selection of additional measures to mitigate both the expected consequences of the risk and
their frequencies. However, the rareness of fire accidents in road tunnels and the scarcity of …

… The fire safety in road tunnels is a worldwide problem. After several accidents … length defined
by H 3/2 /W 1/2 became a representative length for investigating fire phenomena in tunnels…

… Through the last 15 years, several full-scale fire tests in road tunnels have been carried out.
… vehicles of about same size as those used in the fire tests) to simulate combustible materials. …

… fire could be still much worse in road tunnels affected by bi-directional traffic when compared
to one-way tunnels… mesh length scale for each successive element away from the fire region…

… predicted by the models agreed with that measured by the fire experiments in all cases. …
This problem could be effectively solved by constructing road tunnels. Therefore, road tunnels …

… road tunnel ventilation system can either be natural or mechanical, depending on the length
of the tunnel, the density of road … Large scale experiments in actual road tunnels are rare …

… In designing fire and life safety measures for tunnels … Heat release rate in the vehicular tunnels
is always an interesting … such as fuel size, fuel arrangement, fire locations, size of tunnels, …