Δ-extension of rings if R 1+ R 2 is a subring of T for each pair of subrings R 1, R 2 of T
containing R. In this paper, a characterization of integrally closed Δ-extension of rings is
given. The equivalence of Δ-extension of rings and λ-extension of rings is established for an
integrally closed extension of a local ring. Over a finite dimensional, integrally closed
extension of local rings, the equivalence of Δ-extensions of rings, FIP, and FCP is shown. Let …