Mechanisms of disturbances of the condition of the system of hemostasis and regulation of intercellular interactions in 426 patients with ischemic disease of the heart and the brain who suffered from Chernobyl catastrophe have been studied. The results of the research of the initial level of the content of cytokines, soluble molecules of cellular adhesion and changes of their concentration in response to processes of blood clotting and standardized high pressure of the shift are presented. It has been established, that the atherosclerotic lesion of the vascular wall in low-level ionizing radiation is characterized by the development of acquired hemostasiopathy and increase of the level of the content of all the molecules of cellular adhesion and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A marked increase of the concentration of soluble complexes of fibrin monomers, substances with average molecular weight and all studied cytokines with the change of concentration of molecules of cellular adhesion in response to both influences has been revealed. Prospective pathophysiological role of free molecules of cellular adhesion consists in decrease of the level of secretion of cytokines in both tests. The suggested interdisciplinary approach is adequate for better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of atherogenesis and needs further development.