Cr, Cu, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pt, and W deposited under various conditions. Each shows some
reproducible level of flicker (1/f) noise. This study implicates carrier scattering by extrinsic
defects or impurities as the source of the resistivity fluctuations. The noise level appears to
be determined by the number of defects introduced in the film during deposition. We
introduce a new quantity, ρ* 2= fS ρ (f) N a, as an appropriate measure of the level of noise …