A 3D Printed Human Ear Model for Standardized Testing of Hearing Protection Devices to Blast Exposure
Background: HPDs have become critical personal protection equipment against auditory
damage for service members. Acoustic test fixtures and human TBs have been used to test
and develop HPDs; however, the lack of a cost-effective, standardized model impedes the
improvement of HPDs. Methods: In this study, the 3D printed TB model was printed with
flexible and rigid polymers and consisted of the ear canal, tympanic membrane (TM),
ossicular chain, middle ear suspensory ligaments/muscle tendons, and middle ear cavity …
damage for service members. Acoustic test fixtures and human TBs have been used to test
and develop HPDs; however, the lack of a cost-effective, standardized model impedes the
improvement of HPDs. Methods: In this study, the 3D printed TB model was printed with
flexible and rigid polymers and consisted of the ear canal, tympanic membrane (TM),
ossicular chain, middle ear suspensory ligaments/muscle tendons, and middle ear cavity …
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