Sensor nodes are what make up the wireless sensor network. Today’s world relies on wireless sensor networks to gather data from various applications. The wireless sensor network may be set up with minimal human input and can be used in different challenging environments. Efficient routing is a critical aspect of WSNs to ensure reliable and timely transmission of data from sensor nodes to a central location or sink. However, WSNs face numerous routing challenges that arise due to the unique characteristics and constraints of these networks. Existing routing protocols aim to address these challenges. The protocols are categorized based on their characteristics, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. This comprehensive survey allows readers to understand the strengths and weaknesses of different routing solutions. By understanding and addressing these routing challenges, researchers and practitioners can design more robust and efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks, enabling their successful deployment in various application domains. In this article, we look at the multiple routing protocols and explain why the wireless sensor network is crucial in the modern world.