Seawater chlorination has three main industrial uses: disinfection of water and installations,
control of biofouling, and preventing the transport of aquatic invasive species. Once in
contact with seawater, chlorine reacts rapidly with water constituents (eg bromide ions,
ammonia, and nitrogen-containing compounds) to form a range of oxidative species (eg
bromine and N-haloamines), termed “chlorine-produced oxidants”(CPOs) or “total residual
oxidants”(TRO). The chemical nature of CPOs and their concentration are a function of two …

Chlorination of seawater forms a range of secondary oxidative species, collectively termed
“chlorine-produced oxidants”(CPOs). These compounds do not have the same biocidal
efficacy, the same fate and behavior in the marine environment, the same potential formation
of chlorination by-products (CBPs), nor the same effects on marine organisms. Their
chemical speciation is an important step toward an accurate assessment of the effectiveness
of chlorination and the potential impacts of its releases, among others. The aim of this paper …