… racial disparities in policing in the United States by compiling and analysing a dataset detailing
nearly 100 million traffic stops conducted across … ’s race, suggesting bias in stop decisions…

… exercise of police authority, including traffic stops, pedestrian stops, … in explaining aggregate
racial disparities in enforcement … (1990s), large-scale study to reveal racial disparities in the …

… in police stops are pernicious and widespread. We examined racial disparities in police
traffic stops by … Our analysis cannot rule out the possibility that large-scale changes in Whites’ …

… the use of force during Terry stops, resulting in a major gap in our … The current study addresses
this issue through an … with of policing activities in New York City, 1 but large-scale SQF …

… police officers operate relate to racial disparities in policing outcomes. Our analyses focused
on police traffic stops… we observed that racial disparities in police traffic stops were related to …

… This analysis draws on a national data collection effort to … of racial disparities and comparative
equity in police practices. Using … the outcomes of police stops or searches across groups, …

… 2,673 traffic stops conducted by the Richmond, Virginia, Police … by police of motorists of
different races and ethnic backgrounds. … A large-scale analysis of racial disparities in police stops …

… possible by modern, large-scale datasets—determining the likeli… , and analyze data on Terry
stops, and more and more police … racial disparities in stop rates will often lie in differences in …

… We argue that a Fourth Amendment-type right against pretextual stops would do little to
reduce racial disparities in traffic stops. In Part II, we introduce and analyze the Washington legal …

… racial disparities in police enforcement actions, such as stops, … This study provides novel
data on police-civilian interaction … analyses of the factors driving these observed disparities in …