likelihood (ML) performance with low computational complexity for multiple-input multiple-
output (MIMO) systems. First, we use the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection to
yield an initial bit decision and the corresponding bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for a specified
layer. Next we construct a list of LLR-based candidate error vectors for the specified layer,
and then apply independent reduced-complexity sub-detectors to the remaining layers after …