Pedestrian injuries represent a major global health issue, with over 1.2 million people dying each year due to road traffic crashes [1], almost half of those being vulnerable road users (VRUs). Based on the characteristics of recorded cases, pedestrian head injuries are the most common severe and fatal injuries [2], and the hood and windshield have been identified as one of the main contact sources for head impact [3]. Hence, it has been an essential issue to understand the effects of vehicle shape on the kinematics and injury response of VRUs [4]. Vehicle models are needed to pair with human body models (HBMs) when performing Finite Element (FE) reconstructions of traffic accidents. Vehicle front-end structures can both influence the head kinematics and impact location, which can further affect the head injury outcome. Thus, case-specific vehicle models are needed for more reliable predictions of head impact response. However, developing detailed FE vehicle models from scratch is challenging and time-consuming. To address this issue, simplified vehicle FE [5] and buck model [6] have been developed and are widely used in simulations. Given that the buck model contains six major components (bumper lower, bumper, grille, hood edge, hood, and windshield) and has been validated against a full-scale pedestrian dummy [6], this study utilizes it as the basis for parameterisations.