The production of alternative clean energy vehicles provides a sustainable solution to the
transportation sector. An efficient battery cooling system is necessary for safer usage of
electric cars during their life cycle. The current work presents a novel modified battery
module configuration employing two-layer nanoparticle enhanced phase change materials
(nePCM). The design suggests m× n× p arrangement where m denotes the number of Li-ion
18,650 cells, n and p refer to the number of primary containers (filled with nePCM1) and …

Electric vehicles are being developed as a crucial tool in the fight against global warming
and car pollution. As a result, battery heat management is critical for optimal operation in all
climates in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Extreme or higher
temperatures may cause the battery's maximum voltage to drop and its durability to
deteriorate. An effective battery cooling system is required for the safe operation of electric
vehicles throughout their lifecycle. The current work involves the simulation of a battery …