This work provides a further study on the difference between synchronous and
asynchronous updates in Particle Swarm Optimization with different neighborhood sizes
ranging from local best to global best. Ten well-known functions are used as benchmarks on
both variants. Statistical tests performed on the results provide strong evidence to claim that
synchronous updates yield in general better results with similar or even faster speed of
convergence than its asynchronous counterpart, contrary to observations and conclusions of …