The stratigraphy of the Sokoto Basin has the Illo/Gundumi Formation at the bottom, followed successively upward by the Taloka, Dukamaje, Wurno, Dange, Kalambaina, Gamba and GwanduFormations. Re-mapping of the basin carried out in this studyshows that the geological framework remainslargely as previously outlined except that some hitherto unreported tectonically controlled structures have been documented. The basin is generally shallower at the margin and deepens towards the centre such that the areas around the border with Niger Republic are deepest and hence most prospective on the Nigerian side. Geophysical aeromagnetic interpretation has assistedto analyze the depth to basement configurations. Organic geochemical studies show that the dark shales and limestones of the Dukamaje Formation constitute the source rocks in the potential petroleum system. With averages for source rock thickness of 50m, area of basin of 60,000 km2, TOC of 7.5 wt%, and HI of 212mgHC/gTOC, charge modeling indicates 808.10 million barrels of oil equivalent extractable hydrocarbons in the Sokoto Basin, at current knowledge of the geology and if the appropriate maturity has been attained at deeper sections. The sandstones of the Illo/Gundumi Formation as well as in the Taloka and Wurno Formations and carbonates of the Kalambaina Formation provide potential reservoir packages. The paper shale of the Gamba Formation and the clays of the Gwandu Formation provide regional seals. If the presently mapped tectonic structures are ubiquitous in the whole basin, structural and stratigraphic traps may upgrade the petroleum system. Other petroleum systems may exist in the basin with either or both the Illo/Gundumi and Taloka Formation (s) providing the source and reservoir rocks.