Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is a challenging task and hot topic in Natural Language Processing. The goal of this field is to develop systems for answering the questions regarding a given context. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on diverse aspects of MRC systems, including their approaches, structures, input/outputs, and research novelties. We illustrate the recent trends in this field based on a review of 241 papers published during 2016–2020. Our investigation demonstrated that the focus of research has changed in recent years from answer extraction to answer generation, from single- to multi-document reading comprehension, and from learning from scratch to using pre-trained word vectors. Moreover, we discuss the popular datasets and the evaluation metrics in this field. The paper ends with an investigation of the most-cited papers and their contributions.