Management of natural resources for the production of ecosystem services, which are vital
for human well-being, is necessary even when there is uncertainty regarding system
response to management action. This uncertainty is the result of incomplete controllability,
complex internal feedbacks, and non-linearity that often interferes with desired management
outcomes, and insufficient understanding of nature and people. Adaptive management was
developed to reduce such uncertainty. We present a framework for the application of …

Managing the wildland-urban interface (WUI) is a widely-recognized land use problem
plagued by a fractured geography of land parcels, management jurisdictions, and
governance mandates and objectives. People who work in this field have suggested a
variety of approaches to managing this interface, from informal governance to contracting to
insurance. To date, however, none of these scholars has fully embraced the dynamism,
uncertainty, and complexity of the WUI—that is, its status as a complex adaptive system. In …