common practice in industry from CMOS image sensors to 3D NAND memory at >1μm
pitches. Advanced 3D integration nodes requiring pitch scaling to sub-0.5μm face significant
challenges in process control and material limitations. In this paper, through the use of
advanced 300mm toolsets and process innovations we study the importance layout design,
bonding dielectric, copper CMP recess control, and bonding overlay control to produce a …