This paper is intended to pave the way for new researchers in the field of robotics and
autonomous systems, particularly those who are interested in robot localization and
mapping. We discuss the fundamentals of robot navigation requirements and provide a
review of the state of the art techniques that form the bases of established solutions for
mobile robots localization and mapping. The topics we discuss range from basic localization
techniques such as wheel odometry and dead reckoning, to the more advance Visual …