Doppler frequency conditions dynamically change, so the compensation of the delay and
Doppler errors using tracking is important to the altimetric and scatterometric performances.
This work presents the characteristics of the delay and the Doppler frequency in spaceborne
GNSS-R, such as the range of them, the Doppler spreading width, and the change rate.
They are important considerations for design of the delay and Doppler tracking strategy. The …