The brain has been theorized to employ inferential processes to overcome the problem of
uncertainty. Inference is thought to underlie neural processes, including in disparate
domains such as value-based decision-making and perception. Value-based decision-
making commonly involves deliberation, a time-consuming process that requires conscious
consideration of decision variables. Perception, by contrast, is thought to be automatic and
effortless. Both processes may call on a general neural system to resolve for uncertainty …