use of the second harmonic generation (SHG) microscope. The phase reversal of the SH
wave accompanying inversion of spontaneous polarization is exploited to visualize
domains. Interference between SH waves converts the phase information to the SH contrast.
The domain mapping is achieved in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 by nonlinear coefficients d 33 and
d 22 under the microscope, which enables the characterization of a periodically poled …