submanifolds in cosymplectic space forms. Then, we focus on characterizing spheres and
Euclidean spaces, by using the Bochner formula and a second-order ordinary differential
equation with geometric inequalities. We derive the characterization for the base of the
warped product via the first eigenvalue of the warping function. Also, it proves that there is
an isometry between the base N 1 N_1 and the Euclidean sphere S m 1 S^m_1 under some …