Excessive anthropogenic activities have been a major factor affecting the natural environments. Climate change, loss of biodiversity, soil contamination and soil erosion are some of the major consequences of these activities. In order to diminish the speed of such destruction and rehabilitate ecosystem functioning, it is urgent to undertake an action to restore the soil biodiversity and its functionality by sustainable management practices. Soil microbes play an essential role in several ecosystem functioning. Among the vast variety of soil microbes present, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) stand out as a promising selection to offer its benefits in soil restoration and protection, sustainable agriculture and food security. AM fungi are considered integral components of the soil, forming symbiosis with majority of the land plants. They are the most widespread symbiotic fungi playing essential role in ecosystem functioning via affecting their host plant and various soil cycles and properties. Improving the plant nutrition and performance, alleviating stress and pathogen tolerance in plants, as well as enhancing the soil structure and its fertility are some of the essential functions of AM fungi. The role of AM fungi in crop production is a core area of research to make use of its benefits in sustainable agriculture. In this chapter, we emphasize the role of AM fungi in ecological functioning, crop production, and sustainable agriculture.