in the Beaufort Gyre (BG) of the Arctic Ocean using historical observations and data
collected in 2003–2007. Specifically, the mean annual cycle and interannual and decadal
FWC variability are explored. The major cause of the large FWC in the BG is the process of
Ekman pumping (EP) due to the Arctic High anticyclonic circulation centered in the BG. The
mean seasonal cycle of liquid FWC is a result of interplay between the mechanical (EP) and …