Cultural values and beliefs play an important role in the medical attention-seeking behaviour of postpartum mothers during the postnatal period. Infant care, similar to other human behaviours, is influenced by cultural beliefs so exploration of cultural beliefs and practices of infant care is essential (Mennella et al, 2005). This article reviews the literature surrounding postnatal infant care with particular focus on the beliefs and practices among different cultures. The purpose is to highlight the variety of cultural beliefs and discuss how these can influence practices (excluding breastfeeding) during the postnatal period. It should help midwives understand the basis for some women's cultural beliefs and practices regarding postnatal infant care.