The depletion of finite fossil fuel reserves, coupled with adverse environmental impacts, has
necessitated the search for alternative resources as feedstock with cleaner conversion
routes. Biomass has been envisaged as a long-term sustainable replacement for the
production of renewable fuel and chemicals and is the primary driving force behind the
development of biorefinery systems. In biorefineries, different varieties of biomass
feedstocks, whether terrestrial or marine based, can be valorized into a diverse array of …