… However, few attempts to use nucleic acid aptamers as … In this study, we explore the design
of bivalent nucleic acid ligands by … Therefore, we designed several potential bivalent NA …

… binding buffers used for the investigation of protein-nucleic acid … binding sites on the DNA,
and therefore the presence of Mg 2+ … We reserve the analysis of these divalent ion effects for a …

… Therefore, in this discussion we focus on the use of … In buffers containing a mixture of
monovalent, M +, and divalent, … monovalent and divalent cations for binding to the nucleic acid. …

… exchange aqua ligands for ligands from the nucleic acid to … Many of these nuclei have I >
1/2 and therefore have nuclear … ubiquitous divalent cation that is relevant to nucleic acids, Mg2…

… , oligosaccharide, protein, nucleic acid, lipid or aggregate of these mole… We therefore
introduce here a new, empirical metric … divalent ligands to a divalent receptor. b) The binding of a …

… molecules resulting from each selection step is therefore amplified so that further enrichment
of … Because bivalent cations can help RNA to fold into defined three-dimensional structures, …

… It was this second unexpected sequence solution to high-affinity binding that led to the
realization that nucleic acid ligands can be identified to any molecule from a collection of …

… These are mostly Na + , K + , and Mg 2+ , though some other divalent metal … Therefore,
we propose an empirical stability concept for metal ion binding to single-stranded nucleic acids …

… unavailability of natural ligands for coupling to the affinity matrix. Therefore, multiple purification
… efficiently eluted by EDTA removing divalent cations necessary for the aptamer structure. …

… involving DNA and RNA polymerases, need divalent cations, … mixed ligand metal ion
complexes of nucleotides, amino acids… Therefore the following parts in this section will concentrate …