… of botulinum toxin preparations have been approved in different countries. Currently, there
are five different botulinum toxins … a section about the usefulness of botulinum toxin in the …

… Botulinum toxin has been used primarily to treat disorders of … Botulinum toxin treatment
has recently begun to show some … In over 20 years of use in humans, botulinum toxin has …

… dose of botulinum toxin (Fig 1). It has been estimated that botulinum toxin is the most
poisonous substance in the world; the toxic effect per molecule exceeds that of the other clostridial …

… Administration recently approved botulinum toxin (Oculinum) as … rationale for the use of
botulinum toxin and the accumulated … Assessment: the clinical usefulness of botulinum toxin-A in …

… Treatment duration, that is, the time between the botulinum toxin application and onset of the
decrease of its efficacy, in 59 patients treated for cervical dystonia. The treatment duration is …

… clinical applications of botulinum toxin, emphasising results of controlled trials and an evidence
based approach to the use of botulinum toxin… , such as the use of electromyography (EMG…

… Therapeutic use of botulinum toxin generally has been safe and well-tolerated.13 … of botulinum
toxin to nearby or adjacent muscles are believed to be a result of local diffusion of toxin to …

… pioneering work in the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin. HISTORY OF CLINICAL USE …
Shortly thereafter, botulinum toxin type B was introduced into clinical trials for cervical dystonia …

… Although BTX-B has been less studied due to its more recent introduction into clinical use,
it also appears promising for many of these disorders. Ultimately, these compounds are useful …

… New botulinum toxin pharmaceuticals have been developed for clinical use. Table 1 lists
the established names, name changes, and the approved indications for each product. …