Bridge helix of Cas9 modulates target DNA cleavage and mismatch tolerance

K Babu, N Amrani, W Jiang, SD Yogesha… - Biochemistry, 2019 - ACS Publications
K Babu, N Amrani, W Jiang, SD Yogesha, R Nguyen, PZ Qin, R Rajan
Biochemistry, 2019ACS Publications
CRISPR-Cas systems are RNA-guided nucleases that provide adaptive immune protection
for bacteria and archaea against intruding genomic materials. The programmable nature of
CRISPR-targeting mechanisms has enabled their adaptation as powerful genome
engineering tools. Cas9, a type II CRISPR effector protein, has been widely used for gene-
editing applications owing to the fact that a single-guide RNA can direct Cas9 to cleave
desired genomic targets. An understanding of the role of different domains of the protein and …
CRISPR-Cas systems are RNA-guided nucleases that provide adaptive immune protection for bacteria and archaea against intruding genomic materials. The programmable nature of CRISPR-targeting mechanisms has enabled their adaptation as powerful genome engineering tools. Cas9, a type II CRISPR effector protein, has been widely used for gene-editing applications owing to the fact that a single-guide RNA can direct Cas9 to cleave desired genomic targets. An understanding of the role of different domains of the protein and guide RNA-induced conformational changes of Cas9 in selecting target DNA has been and continues to enable development of Cas9 variants with reduced off-targeting effects. It has been previously established that an arginine-rich bridge helix (BH) present in Cas9 is critical for its activity. In the present study, we show that two proline substitutions within a loop region of the BH of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 impair the DNA cleavage activity by accumulating nicked products and reducing target DNA linearization. This in turn imparts a higher selectivity in DNA targeting. We discuss the probable mechanisms by which the BH-loop contributes to target DNA recognition.
ACS Publications
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