With increasing threats due to climate change, scholars and practitioners turn to cities and their stakeholders as key players in climate governance and action. At the same time, there is an emerging body of literature that looks at the transformative potential of inclusive urban climate adaptation. This chapter sets out to examine and situate urban transformative adaptation by exploring its connections and differences with two bodies of literature: (1) urban climate justice; and (2) community-driven and participatory urban climate governance. We first review climate governance and the importance of cities when preparing for climate change. Additionally, we follow the origins and evolution of climate justice and the call for transformative and equitable climate adaptation in cities. This review of transformative adaptation literature highlights the importance of participatory and inclusive processes. Therefore, the chapter looks at how civil society and community-based organisations engage in urban climate adaptation. We argue that a bottom-up and community-lead approach to resilience and adaptation planning can address local needs, ensure equity and justice, and challenge the status quo in order for transformative change to take place.