Integrating layered nanostructured MoS₂ with a structurally stable TiO₂ backbone to construct reciprocal MoS₂/TiO₂‐based nanocomposites is an effective strategy. C@TiO₂/MoO₃ composite nanofibers doped with 1T‐phase MoS₂ nanograins were fabricated by partially sulfurizing MoO_x/TiO₂ precursors. By controlling a suitable preoxidation temperature before severe thermolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the MoO_x/TiO₂ precursors formed a polymer‐embedded array through coordination of the Mo source and pyrrolidyl groups of PVP. Sulfidation under water/solvent hydrothermal conditions led to partial formation of metallic 1T‐phase MoS₂ from the MoO_x precursor with preoxidation at 200 °C. After carbonization, the TiO₂/MoO₃/MoS₂ nanograins were encapsulated in a carbon backbone in a vertical pattern, providing both chemical contact for confined electron transport and sufficient space to adapt to volume changes. The obtained carbon‐based platform not only has the advantages of an integral structure, but also exhibited ultrastable specific capacities of 540 and 251 mAh g⁻¹ for Li‐ion batteries and Na‐ion batteries, respectively, after 100 cycles.