Nomenclature, taxonomy, synonymy, original publications, type collections, secondary references using the accepted names, and distribution by country and Caribbean region within the New World are presented for taxa within the grass subfamily: Chloridoideae. Taxonomic synonymy is presented for all taxa at all ranks (other than ranks applying to cultivated taxa) known to occur natively or naturalized in the New World. In addition, data on introduced species are recorded. The work covers 3654 binomial and trinomial names, which are denoted as; 1 - accepted, 2 - tentatively accepted (bolded), synonyms (italicized), and status not yet determined. Accepted names are additionally marked as cultivated (45 species) or introduced (68 species) to our region. Other works using the accepted names are cited. The number of accepted genera = 70 (62 native, 8 introduced). The number of accepted or tentatively accepted species = 672 (604 native species); 148 taxa are further separated into subspecific rank. The status of 25 species is not yet determined. A classification of subfamily Chloridoideae is presented and a new combination, Muhlenbergia sericea, is made.