Caves as a winter refuge by a Neotropical harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones)

MC Chelini, RH Willemart, P Gnaspini - Journal of Insect Behavior, 2011 - Springer
Journal of Insect Behavior, 2011Springer
Organisms may respond to regular and predictable environmental changes by migrating to
regions where resources are available and/or the conditions are more favorable (Dingle and
Drake 2007). Although migration is usually associated with long-distance displacements,
like those of some birds and butterflies, less vagile animals may also migrate through
considerably shorter distances (Kraus and Morse 2005). In fact, the term migration covers a
wide range of population displacements (Dingle and Drake 2007), and includes seasonal …
Organisms may respond to regular and predictable environmental changes by migrating to regions where resources are available and/or the conditions are more favorable (Dingle and Drake 2007). Although migration is usually associated with long-distance displacements, like those of some birds and butterflies, less vagile animals may also migrate through considerably shorter distances (Kraus and Morse 2005). In fact, the term migration covers a wide range of population displacements (Dingle and Drake 2007), and includes seasonal movements into shelters where the environmental conditions are expected to be less affected by the external environmental changes. Caves are a good example of seasonal shelter, generally with a permanently high humidity and stable temperature even during the winter (Culver and Pipan 2009). Several species do indeed use caves as winter refuges, including insects (eg Tercafs 2000), arachnids (Holmberg et al. 1984; Novak et al. 2004), and vertebrates like bats (Lewis 1995), baboons (Barrett et al. 2004), snakes (Sexton and Hunt 1980), and frogs (Resetarits 1986). We highlight, however, that all these examples are from animals living in temperate regions. As far as we know, there is so far no record of the use of caves as winter refuges by animals that are not from temperate regions. This is probably related to the less stressful climatic conditions of the cold period when compared to the harsh winter of temperate regions.
Springer
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