Field studies were conducted in Karnataka, India, during the 2012-13 kharif season, to assess the association of yield and yield attributes and estimate the direct and indirect effects of each character on seed yield in 192 germplasm lines of pigeon pea. Observations on plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, straw yield per plant, specific gravity, seed yield per plant, harvest index, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were recorded. Path coefficient analysis was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of various characters on seed yield. Results showed that seed yield per plant recorded significant and positive association with harvest index. However, it recorded negative and significant association with plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and straw yield at the phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that harvest index and days to 50% flowering exhibited positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. Hence, these characters should be given due importance while practicing selection in pigeon pea.