Owing to their enhanced wear resistance, chromium carbide overlay (CCO) plates deposited
by submerged arc welding (SAW) process have been widely used in various branches of the
mining industry. Defects in the deposited CCO directly determine the wear performance of
this material. Several characterization techniques, including optical microscope (OM), optical
emission spectroscopy (OES), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)
equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction …