ruthenium-bis [2, 2′-bipyridine]-bis [4-thiopyridine] onto ZnO nanorods has been studied
using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS and UPS). XPS indicates
chemisorption with a surface density of ca. 1× 1015molecules/cm2, confirming the possibility
of using thiol-terminated dyes for ZnO-based DSSC devices. The energy level diagram,
based on UPS and absorbance spectroscopy, indicates that the LUMO of this dye is lower in …