containing bacterium Tsukamurella pulmonis TP-B0596. The combined culture method
significantly enhanced the production of the secondary metabolites in Streptomyces sp. CJ-
5, leading to the isolation of three novel butanolide chojalactones A–C (1–3), with unusual γ-
butyrolactone scaffolds. The complete structures, including the absolute configurations of 1–
3, were determined based on spectroscopic data and total syntheses. In methylthiazole …