… of active cigarette smokers are known as chippers or nondependent smokers, defined as
smoking five or fewer cigarettes per day ( 119 ). Compared with regular smokers, chippers …

… ML Effects of cigarette smoke on immune response: chronic exposure to cigarette smoke
impairs antigen-mediated signaling in T cells and depletes IP3-sensitive Ca(2+) stores. …

… cigarette smokers and life-long non-smokers. The relative risk and the absolute excess risk
in cigarette smokers … for each specified disease that is due to smoking. Cancers of eight sites (…

… Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable … of cigarette smoking among
youth and adult smokers has … declines in cigarette smoking, disparities in smoking and other …

… or clinical studies about cigarette smoke effects. Then, we … of cigarette smoke observed in
experimental studies. Thereafter, factors influencing the negative effects of cigarette smoke on …

… by adults (objective TU-1.1),* CDC’s Office on Smoking and Health used data from the 2011
… cigarette smoking prevalence. The findings indicate that 19.0% of adults smoked cigarettes …

… smoking cessation. Public health efforts should urgently promote our understanding of current
cigarette-smoke… individuals to reduce their exposure to cigarette smoke and, therefore, the …

… are associated with cigarette smoke might, in part, be due to tobacco-smoke-induced … of
cigarette smoking in humans and experimental animals, and the components of cigarette smoke (…

… cigarette smoking and discusses the body’s responses. The metal content of tobacco plants,
smoke, … Finally, we link individual cigarette smoke contained metals to the genesis of human …

… during the past 30 years, cigarette smoking among adults in the United … smoke cigarettes
to ≤12% (objective TU-1.1),* this report provides the most recent national estimates of smoking …