Circadian rhythms, food timing and obesity

J Lopez-Minguez, P Gómez-Abellán… - Proceedings of the …, 2016 - cambridge.org
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2016cambridge.org
It is known that our physiology changes throughout the day and that several physiological
hormones display circadian rhythmicity. The alteration of this normal pattern is called
chronodisruption (CD). In recent years, it has been demonstrated that CD is related to
obesity. Although several factors may be causing CD, one important aspect to consider is
the failure in our internal clock. Indeed, studies performed in mutant animals have
demonstrated that mutations in clock genes are related to obesity. In human subjects …
It is known that our physiology changes throughout the day and that several physiological hormones display circadian rhythmicity. The alteration of this normal pattern is called chronodisruption (CD). In recent years, it has been demonstrated that CD is related to obesity. Although several factors may be causing CD, one important aspect to consider is the failure in our internal clock. Indeed, studies performed in mutant animals have demonstrated that mutations in clock genes are related to obesity. In human subjects, mutations are rare (<1 % of the population). Nevertheless, it is rather common to have genetic variations in one SNP, which underlie differences in our vulnerability to disease. Several SNP in clock genes are related to obesity and weight loss. Taking into account that genetics is behind CD, as has already been demonstrated in twins’ models, the question is: Are we predestinated? We will see along these lines that nutrigenetics and epigenetics answer: ‘No, we are not predestinated’. Through nutrigenetics we know that our behaviours may interact with our genes and may decrease the deleterious effect of one specific risk variant. From epigenetics the message is even more positive: it is demonstrated that by changing our behaviours we can change our genome. Herein, we propose modifying ‘what, how, and when we eat’ as an effective tool to decrease our genetic risk, and as a consequence to diminish CD and decrease obesity. This is a novel and very promising area in obesity prevention and treatment.
Cambridge University Press
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