The operation of oil and gas fields requires that a multilevel decision hierarchy is used to
address field optimization at all timescales. These decisions affect production volumes and
costs, not only in their short-term outcomes but also over the life of the field. Depending on
the time scale, several models with varying degrees of complexity and detail are typically
used to characterize the reservoir (eg material balance, full-physics model, and decline
curve). However, the strategy to integrate and maintain these separate reservoir models …