… We chose the spider and robot examples arbitrarily, to highlight the breadth of tool-related
behaviours that may need to be considered and the reactions they generate in us as
observers; but, as will become clear, our focus is on the crows. … Here, we focus on one
example, that of New Caledonian Crows (Corvus moneduloides), and air some views on
what constitutes advanced tool-related cognition by relating and comparing our species’
behaviour with that of other animals that make and/or use tools. We have no illusions of …

Cognitive adaptations for tool-related behaviour in New Caledonian crows — University of
Birmingham … Cognitive adaptations for tool-related behaviour in New Caledonian crows …
Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence …