pressure chamber with ignition was conducted to study soot formation of ethanol blended
fuels at cold start conditions. The fuels ethanol, isooctane, and its blends E85 (85 vol% of
ethanol in isooctane) and E20 were studied at different temperatures under direct injection
spark ignition engine stratified charge conditions. A high-speed camera in combination with
an image stereoscope was used in order to visualize the combustion in two different …