This thesis examines the construction and maintenance of Assyrian identity during the Old Assyrian Period (c. 2000-1600 BCE); a formative time in the city of Aššur's history. As a small city-state with an economy based on long-distance trade, Aššur's large merchant population provides a rich case study for examining how a community comprising a significant mobile population acted as a unified political, economic, and social entity across time and space. Anthropological and historical studies on mobile peoples and their identities often focus on other mobile groups such as pastoralists, nomads, and migrants whereas studies on long-distance trade seek to understand the mechanisms, materials, and outcomes of the trade itself. This study incorporates both perspectives: by focusing on the human actors of the trade network and analyzing the impact mobility has on social relationships, the complexity of Old Assyrian identity in a multicultural world is highlighted.