This study was carried out to determine the comparative study of cd8+ cell count and leukopoietin levels in human immunodeficiency virus infection in Umuahia, Nigeria. A total number of ninety (90) subjects within the age of 18-60 years were used for the study. The subjects were divided into three (3) groups of thirty (30) subjects in each group. Group I comprised of control subjects. Group II were HIV-subjects not on therapy, and group III were AIDS-subjects not on therapy. Blood samples were collected into commercially prepared dipotassium EDTA vacutainer for both test and control subjects after informed consent. These were used in determining their CD8+ cells counts and Leukopoietin levels. After the analyses of the blood samples, the following results were observed. The CD8+ cells count of group II (967+ 198 cells/ml) was significantly higher than that of group I (586+ 81 cells/ml) while the CD8+ cells count of group III CD8+(1086+ 228 cells/ml) showed a statistically higher level when compared with those of groups I & II at p< 0.05. The level of leukopoietin of group II (1.9+ 0.9) was slightly higher than that of group I (1.2+ 0.9) but not statistically significant at P< 0.05. The Leukopoietin of group III (5.4+ 1.5) was statistically higher when compared with those of groups I (1.2+ 0.9) and II (1.9+ 0.9) respectively there was a strong positive correlation between CD8+ cell counts and leukopoietin levels as observed from analysis. The results therefore showed that following HIV infection there is expansion of CD8+ cells with increased production of leukopoietin.