Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of chemomechanical caries removal (Carisolv™) in reducing the count of cariogenic flora and compare it to conventional drilling.Materials: The study group consisted of 20 healthy children aged between four and eight years. In each child, two primary molars with broad occlusal cavitated lesions were chosen for caries removal either with Carisolv™ or by conventional drilling. Dentin samples of both groups were taken prior to and following caries removal. They were then processed after suitable dilutions and cultured using Schaedler agar for the Total Viable Bacteria and MRS agar for the lactobacilli. After incubation at 35°C for 3 days, the Total Viable Count and lactobacilli count was determined and expressed as Colony Forming Units per ml. The two methods of caries removal were then compared and the data was statistically analyzed. Both methods reduced the TVC count by 92% and lactobacilli count by 91%. Results have indicated that the antimicrobial efficacy of Carisolv™ was comparable to that of conventional drilling and can be used as a suitable alternative for caries removal, especially in children.