Compositional origin of surface roughness variations in air-annealed ZnO single crystals

DE Pugel, RD Vispute, SS Hullavarad… - Applied surface …, 2008 - Elsevier
DE Pugel, RD Vispute, SS Hullavarad, T Venkatesan, B Varughese
Applied surface science, 2008•Elsevier
We directly investigated the chemical compositional origin of surface roughness variations in
air-annealed ZnO single crystal samples for annealing temperatures up to 1000° C. Atomic
Force Microscopy (AFM) showed temperature-dependent changes in surface roughness
and morphology, with a maximum in surface roughness of 2nm found for samples annealed
at 400° C. The O (1s) line, measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed a
maximum for Zn (OH) 2 and a minimum for off-stoichiometric ZnO at 400° C; while the Zn …
We directly investigated the chemical compositional origin of surface roughness variations in air-annealed ZnO single crystal samples for annealing temperatures up to 1000°C. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed temperature-dependent changes in surface roughness and morphology, with a maximum in surface roughness of 2nm found for samples annealed at 400°C. The O(1s) line, measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed a maximum for Zn(OH)2 and a minimum for off-stoichiometric ZnO at 400°C; while the Zn(2p) peaks show an increase in slope at that temperature. These results indicate that the roughness arises from Zn diffusion and loss of surface oxygen.
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