… crowding effect was stronger when random configurations … These results showed the typical
dependence of crowding on … show that crowding operates at a level where configuration …

… configuration affects crowding and to see whether the effects are compatible with the pooling
approach to crowding… flankers while changing the global configuration of the stimulus. We …

… Our findings suggest that this configuration-specific crowding can be reduced by making
simple changes to flanker parameters, which allow the target to pop-out in chain-lateral Gabor …

… than crowding by object configurations; we related this finding to the relationship between
… or configuration, thus allowing us to examine crowding between object parts and crowding …

… configuration impact (un)crowding. Here, we systematically dissected flanker configurations
and showed that (un)crowding … stimulus configuration. Our modeling results suggest that (un)…

… When the vernier is perceived as standing out from the flankers' configuration, thresholds
decrease and crowding is weak (Figure 2b, c, and e). Subjective ratings further supported our …

… visual crowding (the disruptive influence … influences tolerance to orientation jitter in the
same way it affects threshold exposure-duration. We next directly examined the role of crowding …

… In Experiment 1, we examined the relationship between crowding effects produced by
circular configurations (smooth, interrupted, & sun) and the effects that are produced by pairs of …

… To measure the size of the mislocalization illusion and the influence of motion on crowding
we estimated PSEs and 75%-correct thresholds by fitting cumulative Gaussian functions to …

… Unfortunately, the number of configurations to explore is virtually infinite. Here, we show
that one does not need to know the specific configuration of flankers to determine crowding …