Social cooperation impacts the development and survival of species. In higher taxa, kin
recognition occurs via visual, chemical, or tactile cues that dictate cooperative versus
competitive interactions. In microbes, the outcome of cooperative versus competitive
interactions is conferred by identity at allorecognition loci, so-called kind recognition. In
syncytial filamentous fungi, the acquisition of multicellularity is associated with somatic cell
fusion within and between colonies. However, such intraspecific cooperation entails risks, as …